Product Dose
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Uses of Bordeaux
| Classification | Applications |
| Agriculture | |
| Major uses | Preparation of Bordeaux and Burgundy mixtures for use as fungicides |
| Manufacture of other copper fungicides such as copper-lime dust, tribasic | |
| copper sulphate, copper carbonate and cuprous oxide | |
| Manufacture of insecticides such as copper arsenite and Paris green | |
| Control of fungus diseases (see below) | |
| Correction of copper deficiency in soils | |
| Correction of copper deficiency in animals | |
| Growth stimulant for fattening pigs and broiler chickens | |
| Molluscicide for the destruction of slugs and snails, particularly the snail host of the liver fluke | |
| Other uses | Seed dressing |
| Soil steriliser, e.g. Cheshunt compound (a mixture of copper sulphate and ammonium carbonate) to prevent "damping-off" disease of tomato, etc. | |
| Control and prevention of foot rot in sheep and cattle | |
| Bacteriastat for addition to sheep dips | |
| Disinfectant in prevention of the spread of swine erysepelas and white scours in calves | |
| Control of scum in farm ponds | |
| Plant nutrient in rice fields | |
| Preservative for wooden posts, wooden buildings, etc. | |
| Preservative for wooden fruit boxes, planting baskets and other containers | |
| Ingredient of vermin repellents, e.g. for application to bark of trees against rabbits | |
| Stimulant of latex yield on rubber plantations | |
| Protection against algal growths on flower pots | |
| Public Health and Medicine | |
| Destruction of algal blooms in reservoirs and swimming pools | |
| Prevention of the spread of athletes foot in warm climates, by incorporation in the flooring mixture of swimming baths | |
| Control of bilharzia in tropical countries, as a molluscicide | |
| Prevention of malaria, in the preparation of Paris green for use against mosquito larvae | |
| Antiseptic and germicide against fungus infections | |
| Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products | |
| Industry | |
| Adhesives | Preservative in casein and other glues |
| Additive to bookbinding pastes and glues, for insecticidal purposes | |
| Additive to animal and silicate glues to give water resistance | |
| Building | Timber preservative and in the preparation of other wood preservatives, e.g. oil based copper naphthenates and water based copper/chrome/arsenic for the |
| prevention of woodworms and wood rots | |
| Ingredient of plaster to prevent fungus infection, e.g. to prevent the spread of dry rot | |
| Ingredient of concrete, both as a colouring matter and as an antiseptic, e.g. for use in and around swimming pools | |
| Modification of the setting of concrete | |
| Protection against lichens, moulds and similar growths on asbestos cement roofing and other building materials | |
| Control of the growth of tree roots in sewers | |
| Chemical | Preparation of catalysts for use in many industries |
| Purification of gases, e.g. removal of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide | |
| Precipitation promoter in purifying zinc sulphate solutions | |
| Precipitation of alkaloids as double salts from crude extracts | |
| Source of other copper compounds such as copper carbonate silicate/arsenite/ | |
| aceto-arsenite/resinate/stearate/tartrate/oleate naphthenate/chromate/chlorate | |
| /alginate/fluoride/hydroxide, cuprous oxide/chloride/cyanide and | |
| cuprammonium compounds | |
| Decorative trades | Colouring glass |
| Colouring cement and plaster | |
| Colouring ceramic wares | |
| Alteration of metal colours, e.g. darkening of zinc, colouring aluminium | |
| Dyestuffs | Reagent in the preparation of dyestuffs intermediates |
| Catalyst or raw material for the preparation of copper catalysts, e.g. preparation of phenols from diazo compounds, preparation of phthalocyanine dyes | |
| Leather and | Mordant in dyeing |
| Reagent in tanning processes | |
| Metal and | Electrolyte in copper refining |
| electrical | Electrolyte in copper plating and electro forming |
| Electrolytic manufacture of cuprous compounds, e.g. cuprous oxide | |
| Constituent of the electrodes and electrolytes in batteries | |
| Electrolyte in the manufacture of copper powder | |
| Electrolyte in aluminium plating and anodising | |
| Copper coating steel wire, prior to wire drawing | |
| Pickling copper wire, etc., prior to enamelling | |
| Providing a suitable surface for marking out iron and steel | |
| Mining | Flotation reagent in the concentration of ores, e.g. zinc blende |
| Paint | Raw material for the manufacture of copper naphthenate and other copper compounds for use in anti-fouling paints |
| Preparation of certain varnish or paint dryers, e.g. copper oleate, copper stearate | |
| Preparation of certain pigments, e.g. copper chromate, copper ferrocyanide, copper phthalocyanine | |
| Printing | Etching agent for process engraving |
| Electrolyte in the preparation of electrotype | |
| Ingredient of printing inks | |
| Synthetic rubber | Preparation of catalysts used in cracking certain gaseous and liquid petroleum |
| and petroleum | Fractions |
| Preparation of cuprous chloride, used in the purification of butadiene and in the separation of acetylene derivatives | |
| Preparation of catalysts used in chlorinating rubber latex | |
| Purification of petroleum oils | |
| Textiles | Preparation of copper compounds for rot-proofing canvas and other fabrics |
| Rot-proofing sandbags | |
| Mordant, especially in calico printing | |
| Cuprammonium process for the production of rayon | |
| Production of aniline black and diazo colours for dyeing | |
| "After coppering" to increase the fastness of dyes | |
| Catalyst in the manufacture of cellulose ethers and in cellulose acetylation | |
| Miscellaneous | Improving the burning qualities of coke |
| Laboratory analytical work | |
| Ingredient of laundry marking ink | |
| Dyeing of hair and horn | |
| Ingredient of hair dyes of the phenylene diamine or pyrogallol type | |
| Preparation of chlorophyll as a colouring material for food stuffs | |
| Imparting a green colour in fireworks | |
| Activator in the preparation of active carbons | |
| Preservative for wood pulp | |
| Preservation of fishing nets and hides on trawls | |
| Obtaining a blue-black finish on steel | |
| Treatment of carbon brushes | |
| Ingredient of the solution used for preserving plant specimens in their natural colours | |
| Impregnation in fruit wrapping papers to prevent storage rots |
Uses of Copper Compounds: Table B - Plant Diseases Amenable to Control by Copper Fungicides
| Disease | ||
| Plant | Common name | Pathogen |
| Almond | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Rust | Puccinia pruni-spinosae | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Leaf curl | Taphrina deformans | |
| Aloe | Anthracnose | Colletotrichum agaves |
| Antirrhinum | Rust | Puccinia antirrhini |
| Apple | Pink disease | Corticium salmonicolor |
| Fireblight | Erwinia amylovora | |
| Bitter rot | Glomerella cingulata | |
| Canker | Nectria galligena | |
| Blotch | Phyllosticta solitaria | |
| Black rot | Physalospora obtusa | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa | |
| Scab | Venturia inaequalis | |
| Apricot | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Rust | Puccinia pruni-spinosae | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Areca Nut | Thread blight | Corticium koleroga |
| Arrowroot | Banded leaf blight | Corticium solani |
| Artichoke (Globe) | Ramularia cynarae | |
| Asparagus | Rust | Puccinia asparagi |
| Avocado | Fruit spot | Cercospora purpurea |
| Anthracnose (Black spot) | Glomerella cingulata | |
| Bacterial rot | Pseudomonas syringae | |
| Scab | Sphaceloma perseae | |
| Azalea | Flower spot | Ovulinia azaleae |
| Banana | Black rot (Die back) | Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Helminthosporiosis | Helminthosporium sp. | |
| Sigatoka disease (Leaf spot) | Mycosphaerella musicola | |
| Barley | Snow damage | Typhula itoana |
| Covered smut | Ustilago hordei | |
| Bean (Broad) | Leaf spot | Asochyta pisi |
| Chocolate spot | Botrytis cinerea | |
| Rust | Uromyces fabae | |
| Bean (French and Runner) | Anthracnose | Colletotrichum lindemuthianum |
| Powdery mildew | Erysiphe polygoni | |
| Halo blight | Pseudomonas medicaginis var phaseolicola | |
| Rust | Uromyces appendiculatus | |
| Common blight | Xanthomonas phaseoli | |
| Begonia | Mildew | Oidium begoniae |
| Betel | Leaf spot | Bacterium betle |
| Leaf spot | Glomeralla cingulata | |
| Foot rot | Phytophthora colocasiae | |
| Leaf rot | Phytophthora parasitica | |
| Blackberry | Cane spot | Elsinoe veneta |
| Blueberry | Powdery mildew | Microsphaera alni var. vaccinii |
| Leaf rust | Pucciniastrum myrtilli | |
| Fruit rot | Sclerotinia vaccinii-corymbosi | |
| Brassicas | Damping off | Oipidium brassicae |
| Downy mildew | Peronospora parasitica | |
| Black leg (Canker) | Phoma lingam | |
| Black rot | Xanthomonas campestris | |
| Cacao | Brown pod rot (Die back) | Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Witches' broom | Marasmius perniciosus | |
| Black pod rot | Phytophthora palmivora | |
| Calendula | Leaf spot | Cercospora calendulae |
| Carnation | Ring spot | Didymellina dianthi |
| Leaf spot | Septoria dianthi | |
| Rust | Uromyces dianthi | |
| Carrot | Blight | Alternaria dauci |
| Bacterial soft rot | Bacterium carotovorum | |
| Leaf spot | Cercospora carotae | |
| Cassava | Leaf spot | Cercospora henningsii |
| Castor oil | Leaf spot | Phyllosticta bosensis |
| Cattleya | Black rot | Phythium ultimum |
| Celery | Blight | Cercospora apii |
| Leaf spot | Septoria apii and Septoria apii graveolentis | |
| Cherry | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Leaf spot | Coccomyces hiemalis | |
| Bitter rot | Glomerella cingulata | |
| Leaf scorch | Gnomonia erythrostoma | |
| Bacterial canker | Pseudomonas mors-prunorum | |
| Brown rot (Blossom wilt) | Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Scab | Venturia cerasi | |
| Chestnut | Blight | Endothia parasitica |
| Ink disease | Phytophthora cambivora | |
| Chilli | Blight (Leaf spot) | Cercospora capsici |
| Blight (Collar rot) | Phytophthora capsici | |
| Bacterial spot | Xanthomonas vesicatoria | |
| Chrysanthemum | Mildew | Oidium chrysanthemi |
| Rust | Puccinia chrysanthemi | |
| Leaf spot | Septoria chrysanthemella | |
| Cinchona | Damping off | Pythium vexans |
| Cineraria | Alternaria senecionis | |
| Citronella | Collar rot | |
| Citrus | Sooty mould | Aithaloderma citri |
| Thread blight | Corticium koleroga | |
| Melanose | Diaporthe citri | |
| Mal secco | Deuterophoma tracheiphila | |
| Scab | Elsinoe fawcetti | |
| Anthracnose (Wither tip) | Gloeosporium limetticola | |
| Sooty blotch | Leptothyrium pomi | |
| Black spot | Phoma citricarpa | |
| Brown rot | Phytophthora spp. | |
| Black pit | Pseudomonas syringae | |
| Septoria spot | Septoria depressa | |
| Canker | Xanthomonas citri | |
| Coffee | Brown eyespot | Cercospora coffeicola |
| Thread blight (Black rot) | Corticium koleroga | |
| Anthracnose (Die back) | Glomerella cingulata | |
| Rust | Hemileia vastatrix | |
| Berry disease | Colletotrichum coffeanum | |
| Conifers | Blight | Cercospora thujina |
| Coryneum blight | Coryneum berckmanii | |
| Canker | Coryneum cardinale | |
| Fusiform rust | Cronartium fusiforme | |
| Blister rust | Cronartium ribicola | |
| Leaf cast (of Kauri Pine) | Hendersonula agathi | |
| Needle cast (of Scots Pine) | Lophodermium pinastri | |
| Phomopsis blight | Phomopsis juniperovora | |
| Needle cast (of Douglas Fir) | Rhabdocline pseudotsugae | |
| Root rot | Rhizoctonia cROCCORRXum | |
| Cotton | Alternarii disease | Alternaria gossypii and Alternaria |
| macrospora | ||
| Sore shin | Corticium solani | |
| Cowpea | Scab | Cladosporium vignae |
| Cucurbits | Leaf blight | Alternaria cucumerina |
| Wet rot | Choanephora cucurbitarum | |
| Anthracnose | Colletotrichum lagenarium | |
| Wilt | Erwinia tracheiphila | |
| Powdery mildew | Erysiphe cichoracearum | |
| Black rot | Mycosphaerella citrullina | |
| Stem end rot | Physalospora rhodina | |
| Downy mildew | Pseudoperonospora cubensis | |
| Currant (Ribes) | Leaf spot | Mycosphaerella grossulariae and Mycosphaerella ribis |
| Leaf spot | Pseudopeziza ribis | |
| Cytisus | Die back | Ceratophorum setosum |
| Daffodil | White mould | Ramularia vallisumbrosae |
| Fire | Sclerotinia polyblastis | |
| Dahlia | Leaf spot | Phyllosticta dahliicola and Entyloma dahliae |
| Dalo | Leaf spot | Phytophthora colocasiae |
| Delphinium | Mildew | Erysiphe polygoni |
| Derris | Leaf spot | Colletotrichum derridis |
| Dogwood (Cornus) | Spot anthracnose | Elsinoe corni |
| Egg Plant | Leaf spot | Ascochyta melongenae |
| Damping off | Corticium solani | |
| Fig | Leaf fall and Fruit rot | Cercospora bolleana |
| Rust | Cerotelium fici | |
| Thread blight | Corticium koleroga | |
| Canker | Phomopsis cinerescens | |
| Blight | Phizoctonia microsclerotia | |
| Filbert | Bud blight | Xanthomonas corylina |
| Fruit trees | Crown gall | Bacterium tumefaciens |
| Gambier | White root rot | Fomes lignosus |
| Gardenia | Canker | Phomopsis gardenia |
| Gerbera | Leaf spot | Cercospora sp. |
| Ginseng | Blight | Alternaria panax |
| Gladiolus | Corm rot | Botrytis gladiolorum |
| Gooseberry | Die back | Botrytis cinerea |
| Leaf spot | Mycosphaerella grossulariae | |
| Cluster cup rust | Puccinia pringshemiana | |
| American mildew | Sphaerotheca mors-uvae | |
| Grasses | Snow mould | Calonectria graminicola |
| Red thread | Corticium fusiforme | |
| Brown patch of lawns | Rhizoctonia and Holminthosporium spp. | |
| Stripe smut | Ustilago striiformis | |
| Ground nut | Leaf spot | Cercospora arachidicola and Cercospora personate |
| Stem rot (Southern blight) | Sclerotium rolfsii | |
| Guava | Leaf spot | Cephaleuros mycoidea |
| Thread blight | Corticium koleroga | |
| Rust | Puccinia psidii | |
| Hellebore | Coniothyrium hellebori | |
| Hollyhock | Rust | Puccinia malvacearum |
| Hop | Downy mildew | Pseudoperonospora humuli |
| Powdery mildew | Sphaerotheca humuli | |
| Hydrangea | Mildew | Oidium hortensiae |
| Leek | Mildew | Peronospora destructor |
| White tip | Phytophthora porri | |
| Lettuce | Downy mildew | Bremia lactucae |
| Ring spot | Marssonina panattoniana | |
| Lily | Blight | Botrytis elliptica |
| Maize | Downy mildew | Sclerospora philippinensis |
| Mango | Red rust | Cephaleuros virescens |
| Anthracnose | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | |
| Scab | Elsinoe mangiferae | |
| Bacterial black spot | Erwinia mangiferae | |
| Anthracnose | Gloeosporium mangiferae | |
| Powdery mildew | Oidium mangiferae | |
| Medlar | Scab | Venturia eriobotryae |
| Millet (Italian) | Smut | Ustilago crameri |
| Mushroom | White mould | Mycogone perniciosa |
| Bacterial blotch(Brown blotch) | Pseudomonas tolaasi | |
| Nectarine | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Rust | Puccinia pruni-spinosae | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Leaf curl | Taphrina deformans | |
| Oats | Loose smut | Ustilago avanae |
| Olive | Leaf spot | Cycloconium oleaginum |
| Onion | Downy mildew | Peronospora destructor |
| Orchids | Fusarium | Macrophoma and Diplodia spp. |
| Paeony | Blight | Botrytis peaoniae |
| Bud death | Sphaeropsis paeonia | |
| Palm ( Palmyra) | Leaf spot | Pestalotia palmarum |
| Passion fruit | Brown spot | Alternaria passiflorae |
| Grease spot | Pseudomonas passiflorae | |
| Pawpaw | Leaf spot | Ascochyta caricae |
| Anthracnose (Fruit rot) | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | |
| Powdery mildew | Oidium caricae | |
| Hard rot | Phytophthora parasitica | |
| Peach | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Rust | Puccinia pruni-spinosae | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa and Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Leaf curl | Taphrina deformans | |
| Pear | Scab ( America) | Cladosporium effusum |
| Thread blight | Corticium koleroga | |
| Firebiiglit | Erwinia amylovora | |
| Bitter rot | Glomerella cingulata | |
| Leaf spot (Leaf speck) | Mycosphaerella sentina | |
| Scab | Venturia pirina | |
| Pecan | Scab | Cladosporium effusum |
| Thread blight | Corticium koleroga | |
| Vein spot | Gnomonia nerviseda | |
| Liver spot | Gnomonia caryae var. pecanae | |
| Pepper(Red) | See Chilli) | |
| Persimmon | Canker | Phomopsis diospyri |
| Pineapple | Heart or stern rot | Phytophthora parasitica |
| Piper betle | (See Betel) | |
| Plantain | Black tip | Helminthosporium torulosum |
| Plum | Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum |
| Black rot | Dibotryon morbosum | |
| Bacterial canker | Pseudomonas mors-prunorum | |
| Wilt | Pseudomonas prunicola | |
| Rust | Puccinia pruni-spinosae | |
| Brown rot | Sclerotinia fructigena | |
| Blossom wilt | Sclerotinia laxa | |
| Watery rot (Pocket plums) | Taphrina pruni | |
| Bacterial spot | Xanthomonas pruni | |
| Poplar | Septogloeum populiperdun | |
| Poppy | Downy mildew | Peronospora arborescens |
| Potato | Early blight | Alternaria solani |
| Grey mould | Botrytis cinerea | |
| Blight (Late blight) | Phytophthora infestans | |
| Dry rot | Sclerotium rolfsii | |
| Quince | Brown rot | Sclerotinia fructigena |
| Shot hole | Clasterosporium carpophilum | |
| Raspberry | Spur blight | Didymella applanata |
| Cane spot (Anthracnose) | Elsinoe veneta | |
| Cane wilt | Leptosphaeria coniothyrium | |
| Rhododendron | Leaf scorch (Bud blast) | Pycnostysanus azaleae |
| Rhubarb | Downy mildew | Peronospora jaapiana |
| Rice | Brown spot | Ophiobolus miyabeanus |
| (Helmintliosporiosis) | ||
| Blast | Piricularia oryzae | |
| Rose | Black spot | Diplocarpon rosae |
| Downy mildew | Peronospora sparsa | |
| Rust | Phragmidium mucronatum | |
| Leaf spot (Anthracnose) | Sphaceloma rosarum | |
| Mildew | Sphaerotheca pannosa | |
| Rubber | American leaf disease | Dothidella ulei |
| White root rot | Fomes lignosus | |
| Leaf disease | Helminthosporium heveae | |
| Stem disease | Pestalotia palmarum | |
| Abnormal leaf fall | Phytophthora palmivora | |
| Rye grass | Blind seed | Phialea temulenta |
| Safflower | Rust | Puccinia carthami |
| Seedlings | Damping off | Pythium debaryanum, Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,etc |
| Sorghum | Covered smut | Sphacelotheca sorghi |
| Spinach | Leaf spot | Heterosporium variabile |
| Downy mildew | Peronospora effusa | |
| Spindle tree | Mildew | Oidium euonymi-japonicae |
| Stock | Leaf spot | Alternaria raphani |
| Strawberry | Leaf spot | Mycosphaerella fragariae |
| Sugar beet | Leaf spot | Cercospora beticola |
| Downy mildew | Peronospora schactii | |
| Sunflower | Rust | Puccinia helianthi |
| Wilt | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | |
| Sweet potato | Wilt | Fusarium spp. |
| Taro | Leaf spot | Phytophthora colocasiae |
| Tea | Black rot (Die back) | Botryodiplodia theobromae |
| Red rust | Cephaleuros niycoidea | |
| Blister blight | Exobasidium vexans | |
| Grey blight | Pestalotia theae | |
| Tobacco | Brown spot (Red rust) | Alternaria longipes |
| Leaf spot | Ascochyta nicotianae | |
| Frog eye | Cercospora nicotianae | |
| Blue mould (Downy mildew) | Peronospora tabacina | |
| Wildfire | Pseudomonas tabacum | |
| Tomato | Early blight | Alternaria solani |
| Leaf mould | Cladosporium fulvum | |
| Anthracnose | Colletotrichum phomoides | |
| Fruit rot | Didymella lycopersici | |
| Mildew | Leveilluia taurica | |
| Fruit rot | Phytophthora capsici | |
| Foot rot | Phytophthora cryptogea | |
| Blight (Late blight) | Phytophthora infestans | |
| Leaf spot | Septoria lycopersici | |
| Grey leaf spot | Stemphylium solani | |
| Bacterial spot | Xanthomonas vesicatoria | |
| Tuberose | Blight | Botrytis elliptica |
| Tung | Thread blight | Corticium koleroga |
| Veronica | Septoria exotici | |
| Vine (Grape) | "Coitre" | Coniothyrium diplodiella |
| Anthracnose | Elsinoe ampelina | |
| Black rot | Guignardia bidwellii | |
| Leaf spot | Isariopsis fuckelli | |
| Bitter rot | Melanconium fuligineum | |
| Angular leaf spot | Mycosphaerella angulata | |
| Downy mildew | Plasmopara viticola | |
| Totbrenner | Pseudopeziza tracheiphila | |
| Powdery mildew | Uncinula necator | |
| Vine (Sultana) | Sooty dew | Exosporium sultanae |
| Viola | Leaf spot | Centrospora acerina |
| Violet | Scab | Sphaceloma violae |
| Walnut | Ring spot | Ascochyta juglandis |
| Anthracnose (Blotch) | Gnomonia leptostyla | |
| Downy leaf spot | Microstroma juglandis | |
| Blight | Xanthomonas juglandis | |
| Wheat | Root rot | Gibberella zeae |
| Rust | Puccinia spp | |
| Snow damage | Pythium sp. | |
| Bunt | Tilletia caries and Tilletia faetida | |
| Willow | Black canker | Physalospora miyabeana |
| Scab | Venturia chlorospora | |
| Zinnia | Wilt | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
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